* The Alt+Ctrl+arrow key combination can also be used by Windows to rotate your display monitor. (A dark gray border appears on the edges of the Ruler while you're moving it to indicate that ruler-manipulation mode is turned on.) Hold down Alt+Ctrl and tap the left or right arrow once for each increment* Rotate the Ruler in one-degree increments The left arrow rotates the ruler counterclockwise the right arrow rotates it clockwise. Hold down the Alt key and tap the left or right arrow once for each increment Up arrow, down arrow, left arrow, right arrow Use a keyboard shortcut to manipulate the Ruler: Press Shift+F6 to enter ruler-manipulation mode. If you don't have a touch screen, or if you prefer using your keyboard, use these key combinations to manipulate the ruler after you've selected the Ruler button to activate it on the surface of your slide. (Rotation requires a mouse scroll wheel it doesn't work with laptop trackpads.) Control the ruler with the keyboard The ruler pivots where the mouse pointer is pointing. Rotate the ruler in one-degree increments by turning the scroll wheel on your mouse. To stop moving the ruler, release the mouse button. Move the ruler by clicking and dragging with your mouse. Drag the set of objects until it snaps to the ruler.Ī shape aligns to the ruler on its edge, whereas an object such as an icon, picture, or text box aligns to the ruler on its bounding box. To align a group of items at once Multi-select the items by pressing Ctrl while tapping each item in turn.
To align individual items Select each one in turn and drag the object until its selection handle snaps to the ruler. To draw a line Tap a pen or highlighter on the Draw tab, and begin drawing. Use three fingers to rotate the ruler by five-degree increments. Use two fingers to rotate the ruler to the angle you want. Use one finger to move the ruler up/down or left/right. Position the Ruler at the angle you want. Tap the Ruler on the Draw tab to make it appear on the drawing surface of the slide. Select the slide where you want to use the ruler. Tap the Draw tab, and you'll see the Ruler on the ribbon. In the box on the right side of the dialog box, tap the check box named Draw.Ĭlick OK to close the Options dialog box. Tap the Customize Ribbon tab in the Options dialog box. If you don't see the Ruler on your Ribbon, see Requirements below for more details.
This feature is available in PowerPoint for Microsoft 365 and PowerPoint 2019. The applicability of this method depends significantly on the type of firearm, ammunition, human factors, environment and other factors.You can manipulate the Ruler by using your fingers, a mouse, or keystrokes. With a blind set of 6 cartridge cases, the errors were shown to average 122 cm from the known firing position. It was found that with an increasing number of cartridge cases used for shooter position estimation, the errors and standard deviation decreased, improving estimation results. The blind testing sets ranged between 1 and 6 ejected cartridge cases with a known direction of fire. The proposed method used the statistical data from the reference sample set and was tested on blind data sets to determine the errors and precision using “unknown” shooters. A reference sample set of more than 312 cartridge cases was collected from various people firing the same gun and ammunition from a known position and at different heights using a double-handed grip. Understanding the errors associated with shooter position estimation may give investigators a standardized method for establishing a reference set of cartridge cases which reflect the behavior of ejection patterns under controlled variables, while having a more reliable method when estimating a shooter’s position. This research is significant as there are no blind studies that determine the precision or errors when estimating a shooter’s position based on cartridge case ejection patterns. The purpose of this study is to propose a method to approximate a shooter’s position based on a reference sample set of cartridge case ejection patterns. Ejected cartridge cases in shooting incidents are useful in crime scene reconstruction to approximate the location of a shooter and the dynamics of an encounter.